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Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Causes, Signs, and Treatments

Explore the causes, symptoms, and various treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in this comprehensive guide. Understand how this mental health condition, characterized by excessive worry, impacts daily life and learn about the short-term and long-term strategies to treat GAD effectively.
A graphic poster stating Generalized Anxiety Disorder, causes, signs and symptoms, therapy and treatments with a animated man sitting confused
Written by
Bloom Clinical Care Counselling and Therapy Services
Published
July 4, 2023

Understanding The Difference Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder vs Normal Stress

Experiencing stress is a common part of human life. This physiological response helps us react to demanding circumstances, boosting our ability to navigate challenges. However, when stress becomes constant and begins interfering with daily life, it may indicate a more serious mental health condition - anxiety. The key difference lies in the duration and intensity. While stress is typically situational, anxiety persists even in the absence of a stressor.

What Causes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

The exact cause isn't known, but it's likely a combination of several factors:

Genetic factors: Some people may be genetically predisposed to anxiety, with certain genes playing a part in its development.

Societal factors: Life experiences, including stressful or traumatic events, can act as triggers.

Physiological and Medical conditions: Changes in brain chemistry, hormones, physiology,  or side effects from various types of medications may contribute to GAD. 

Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

The signs of GAD can vary from person to person, but there are some commonly reported symptoms:

  • Persistent worrying or anxiety about several areas that are out of proportion to the impact of the events

  • Overthinking plans and solutions to all possible worst-case outcomes

  • Perceiving situations and events as threatening, even when they aren't

  • Inability to handle uncertainty, indecisiveness, and fear of making the wrong decision

  • Physical symptoms may include feeling restless or on edge, being easily fatigued, having difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, experiencing muscle tension or having trouble sleeping.

Treatment Options for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

There's a wide range of treatments for GAD available for those struggling. Therapy, specifically psychotherapy, is often a preferred method of treatment.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a broad term that encompasses various treatment techniques for mental health problems. In psychotherapy, individuals communicate with a trained mental health professional to explore and understand feelings, thoughts, and behaviours that are causing distress. This process can help individuals learn to cope more effectively with their problems and challenges.

The therapist and individual work together in a collaborative relationship. They create a safe and confidential environment where individuals can express their feelings openly. Therapists listen, ask questions, and help individuals make sense of their experiences. They may guide the individual to explore the root causes of their distress, but they can also focus on present-day problems and practical solutions.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a structured, goal-oriented therapy that is focused on the present. This therapy type assumes that maladaptive thought patterns lead to negative emotional responses and seeks to change these patterns to improve emotional wellbeing.

In CBT, individuals work with therapists to identify harmful thought patterns and examine how they influence behavior. For example, if an individual constantly thinks, "I'm going to fail," that thought can trigger anxiety. CBT helps the individual to challenge this thought, replace it with a more realistic one, like "I'll do the best I can," and ultimately reduce anxiety.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, is a form of cognitive therapy that focuses specifically on the irrational beliefs that people hold. In REBT, therapists help clients identify their own irrational beliefs and challenge them. This therapy also emphasizes philosophical change–not just changing individual thoughts but changing the deeper beliefs about oneself and the world that underlie many of our automatic thoughts.

Mindfulness Approach

The Mindfulness Approach is based on the idea that focusing on the present moment, without judgment, can help individuals with GAD. It's a psychological process that is intended to help bring one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment, which can be developed through the practice of meditation and other training.

In a therapeutic setting, mindfulness exercises are used to help the client focus on the present moment rather than getting caught up in unhelpful thought patterns about the past or future. By focusing on the present, it's believed that individuals can reduce their overall level of anxiety.

Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapy for anxiety aims to uncover and address the root causes of anxiety often linked to unresolved conflicts or traumatic experiences from the past. This approach believes that anxiety is a symptom of deeper, subconscious thoughts and emotions that need to be brought to consciousness. During sessions, individuals are encouraged to explore and discuss past experiences and emotions, as these are believed to influence present behavior. The process can lead to self-awareness and insights, which are keys to reducing anxiety symptoms.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Interpersonal Therapy, or IPT, focuses on improving an individual's relationships and social functioning to help reduce their anxiety. This therapeutic approach is based on the idea that interpersonal problems like disputes or communication issues can significantly contribute to anxiety. In IPT, the therapist helps the individual to identify these issues, understand how they are associated with their anxiety, and develop better strategies for dealing with them. The goal is to improve communication skills and increase self-esteem, which can lead to a reduction in anxiety symptoms.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Anxiety

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, or ACT, is a form of psychotherapy that teaches individuals to reduce their struggle with anxiety by accepting their thoughts and feelings rather than trying to change or eliminate them. The goal of ACT is not to reduce symptoms, but to help individuals lead a fulfilling life despite their anxiety. This is achieved by developing psychological flexibility – the ability to stay in the present moment and take steps towards personal values, even in the face of unwanted thoughts and feelings. ACT uses mindfulness, acceptance, and value-based exercises to help individuals respond to their anxiety in a healthier way.

Alternative Treatments

Alongside therapy and medication, alternative treatments can play a role in managing Generalized Anxiety Disorder. However, it should be noted that some alternative treatments lack significant scientific evidence about their efficacy. It is highly recommended to seek consultation from a physician or a licensed and certified mental health professional before trying alternative treatments for Anxiety. 

Meditation

Meditation can help individuals with GAD relax and reduce their anxiety. It encourages a focus on the present, which can interrupt anxious thought patterns.

Yoga

Yoga can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve heart function. It's a practice that involves both the body and mind, promoting relaxation and stress reduction.

Physical Exercise and Diet

Physical exercise can help reduce feelings of anxiety and improve mood. Regular exercise releases endorphins, natural mood boosters that can help reduce anxiety. A balanced diet can also impact mood and energy levels, both of which can influence anxiety levels.

Frequently Asked Questions about Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Can I live a normal life if I have Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Yes, with the right treatment plan, individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder can lead fulfilling lives. It's essential to work with healthcare professionals to find a treatment that works best for you.

What is the best treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Effective treatment varies from person to person. Options include cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes like regular physical activity and a healthy diet.

How Does Generalized Anxiety Disorder effect my daily life?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder can make routine tasks and activities feel challenging. You may feel constant excessive worry and struggle with decision-making. However, with the right support and resources, you can manage these symptoms and reduce their impact on your daily life.

Are you struggling with Anxiety? We may be able to help. 

At Bloom Clinical Care Counselling and Therapy Services, we have a team of Psychotherapists and Social Workers who are experienced and qualified to help you with Anxiety. Our therapists can help with a wide range of mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, grief, couples therapy, child therapy, anger management, workplace stress, and stress management, to name a few. 

We currently have two locations, in Scarborough and Mississauga, to serve our clients and families across the Greater Toronto Area. All therapists on our team also provide virtual therapy across Ontario via phone and secure video calls. Our collective goal as a team is to help you flourish in life, guide you to your important milestone, and provide unwavering support. 

Scarborough Location

Our Scarborough Therapists are located at Third floor, 1200 Markham Rd suite 306 c, Scarborough, ON M1H 3C3 for in-person and virtual psychotherapy appointments.

Mississauga Location

Our Mississauga Therapist are located at 3024 Hurontario St #206, Mississauga, ON L5B 4M4 for in-person and virtual psychotherapy appointments. Similar to our Scarborough Psychotherapy clinic, the new Mississauga location also supports individuals, families, couples, and children seeking help with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, grief, couples therapy, relationship counselling, stress management, and child and youth counselling.

Struggling with you mental health? We may be able to help. Book a free consultation today.
Disclaimer: This article is solely intended for informational purposes and should not be construed as professional advice. The content of this article should not be used as a substitution to therapy, counselling, medical attention, or any kind of professional help. The author and Bloom Clinical Care Counseling and Therapy services strongly encourages readers to seek guidance from appropriate professionals if they are in need of assistance.